COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL APPROACH IN PHYSICAL HEALTH COMPETENCE DEVELOPMENT

1 Doctor of Psychological Sciences, Department of Theoretical and Applied Psychology at Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv (Ukraine) ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4245-1443 2 Doctor of Psychological Sciences, Psychology Department at Ukrainian State Employment Service Training Institute, Kyiv (Ukraine) ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4101-9659 3 PhD in Psychology, Department of Theoretical and Applied Psychology at Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv (Ukraine) ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4101-9659 COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL APPROACH IN PHYSICAL HEALTH COMPETENCE DEVELOPMENT


Introduction
Physical health describes the current state of human body organs and systems, their development level and functional capabilities, and adaptation level to different environmental factors. (Murza, 1991). A good physical health is characterized by the number of main physiological systems within physiological normal range and they are changing adequately to the person's interaction with the environment. (Chepyga & Chepyga, 2006). The care of physical health of the person should start from the pre-embryo period and continue throughout the whole life (Murza, 1991).
The main principles of physical health formation are: providing the optimal living conditions (absence of stresses, adequate nutrition, and sufficient sleep); timely utilization of training actions; and disease prevention. Physical activity is an excellent way to maintain good physical and mental health. It's worth mentioning that the modern generation has lowered interest to physical activity and sport that negatively impacts the overall population health (Melnyk, 2019).
One of the crucial objective of psychological consulting is not only developing positive attitude towards maintaining and improving each own physical health but also, and first of all, developing an appropriate competence which will encourage not only raising the awareness of the necessity for physical health preservation but also implementation of the behavioral pattern towards improving physical health in a person's life.
Thus, the article objectives are: 1) carrying out the analysis of social cognitive and cognitive behavioral approaches in psychology and psychological counseling as such that improve developing of competences of an individual; 2) study the influence of physical health competence on individual development of physical health.
One of the modern and efficient approaches in psychologist's work is cognitive behavioral approach. The development of cognitive behavioral approach starts with social cognitive approach by A. Bandura (Bandura, 1992), who introduced the notion of 'self-efficacy'. By 'selfefficacy' he meant a person's belief in his/her havioral scheme. Within the cognitive behavioral approach the essence of the competency amounts to the set of the following components: cognitive, emotional, and behavioral. The analysis of the notions 'physical health' and 'physical health competence' was done. It was shown the experimental research results aimed at individual physical heath competence development. The research result comparison of the development level of physical health competence before the beginning and after the end of experimental research tell us about the increase in amount of people under study with the high level of self-efficacy in actions focused on physical health self-improvement. The conclusion own abilities and ability to do certain activity.
The more self-belief the person has in his/her abilities to do a particular activity or perform a particular behavior by A. Bandura, the higher self -efficacy level this person has in the particular activity, and the less the person believes in his/ her-self and his/her abilities to perform the particular activity or behavior, the lower his/her selfefficacy level is within this activity.
The negative outcome of the situation is based on the opposite tendency: thoughts about lack of success, possible failure, disbelief in own abilities cause 'helplessness' (psychological state that is the result of uncontrollable and unpleasant events and manifest itself in disorders of person's emotional, motivational, and cognitive processes) (Abramson, Seligman & Teasdale, 1978). Helplessness, or as it is also named 'learned helplessness' (Ziering, 2006), is opposite to 'selfefficacy'. The example of learned acquired helplessness is the situations when a person, after a couple of unsuccessful attempts to do or achieve something, gets disappointed in oneself and one's abilities.
J. Rotter's research (Rotter, 1978) states that a high externality level of an individual can be the result of disappointment in oneself and lack of positive outcome in personal achievements. D. Ziering's research (Ziering, 2006) also indicates that learned helplessness negatively influences students' performance and their professional growth.
A. Bandura (Bandura, 1986) also empha-sizes the importance of independent influences as causative factor in all aspects of human functioning: motivations, emotions, and actions. The most evident statement in his self-efficacy concept is that a person can learn to control events that impact his/her own life. Social cognitive theory by A. Bandura explicitly explains the human behavior through the correlation among behavior, learning sphere, and environment. By the definition of 'mutual determination' , A. Bandura understood that directivity factors and situational factors are interrelated causes of human behavior such as faith and expectations, and external determiners such as encouragement and punishment are part of the system of interrelated influences which impact not only the behavior but also different parts of social system.
A. Bandura (Bandura, 1986) (Beck, 1976) and A. Ellis (Ellis, 2008) The previous experience has a significant influence on the thought formation about oneself, one's abilities, and ability to act in certain situations. As A. Bandura states (Bandura, 1986) that the previous experience impacts our behavior or the algorithm of actions we choose, and that experience expresses itself as an reinforcement of one, the most desirable or approved by others behavioral model, or such a behavior that allows to get out of the situation with minimal losses.    (Table 1).
Upon the completion of the experimental research the control and experimental groups participants were asked to assess the following statements according to the scale from 0 to 100%: 1) "How much do you believe in your abilities to reach your goals to improve and maintain physical health right now?'', 2) "How close are you to your goal right now?". The participants also wrote down the exact steps they did to reach their goals, as well as compared a level of their won characteristics development that facilitate in reaching their goals to improve and maintain their physical health. Negative self-evaluation as being lazy and not inclined to any sports went along with negative emotions, anxiety, (Gross & Thompson, 2007, Fox & Calkins, 2003  The important emphasis in the physical health competence formation was directed on individual self-organization. Self-organization is the process that implies rational time consumption, developing self-discipline, and selfmotivational mechanisms for certain activity. Self -organization is a skill to organize oneself for some work, to fulfill one's own and other's agreements, and reach one's own goals. (Ashby, 1947).
The problems with the self-organization and self-experiences in organizing different aspects of one's life: education, leisure, hobby, errands, etc.

Conclusion
The

Conflicts of interest
The authors state that there was no conflict of interests.