THE SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS OF YOUTH ’ S SUICIDAL BEHAVIOUR

The article examines socio - psychological factors influencing youth ’ s suicidal behaviour in. The article provides theoretical and methodological substantiation and empirical verification of correlations of young people ’ s suicidal behaviour with their psychological personal traits, identifies socio - psychological features of such behaviour, as well as provides an empirical analysis of individual psychological factors of suicidal ideation. The authors propose a step - by - step model of the suicidal behaviour emergence and describe its main stages. There are three groups of factors that provoke youth ’ s suicidal behaviour. It has been empirically proven that pre - suicidal behaviour is conditioned by many various factors. The most common of them are: expressed ABSTRACT The article highlights the current view on social and psychological determinants of youth ’ s suicidal behaviour. The modern science still does not have a unified point of view on suicidal behaviour. The corresponding terminology is amorphousness and its concept is uncertain. It is generally accepted that suicidal behaviour depends on many factors, has different motives and goals and exists in certain and extreme conditions. The authors present their own model of suicidal behaviour that includes the following main factors leading to behaviour: social and psychological maladaptation, deviant behaviour and unresolved intrapersonal conflicts. We identified four of s and changes in attitudes toward life and death under envi-ronmental influences or because of overestimated self concept. The respondents having suicidal intentions were characterized by severe anxiety and high frustration as the consequences of personal disappointment, inability to over-come real or imagined obstacles preventing goal achievement. Aggression was almost the same for all three examined groups, thus this indicator showed rather increased psychological activity. The highest rigidity was observed at the respondents having suicidal intentions; such rigidity was associated with complications existing during imple-mentation of significant activities.


INTRODUCTION
Almost 12 thousand Ukrainians kill themselves annually according to the official data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Ukraine belongs to the group of countries with a high suicidal level (more than 20 suicides per 100 thousand people) according to the World Health Organization (WHO).
Statistics indicate that youth have the second (after adolescents) suicide rate. Psychological shift from childhood to full adulthood takes place at this age. During this life period self-understanding is forming. It allows a person to adjust inner slef-assessment and find a balance between own position and that one which other people might have. Also the notion "ideal" is started to be correlated with own personal traits. In other words, the main psychological characteristic of youth is awareness of own personality and uniqueness. Young people often become aware that they incapable to reach the Self-ideal, which, in its turn, leads to intrapersonal intractable conflicts. In some moments such personal conditions can lead to the emergence of suicidal behaviour.
So, critical periods and certain characteristics of this age provoke the necessity for professional assistance and psychological support. Its goal is to provide preventive measures aimed at avoiding suicidal behaviour.
There were two main groups of contradictions in the history of suicide research. First, it was a contradiction of theoretical nature, due to the difference of scientific paradigms used to study the problem of suicidality.  We conducted an empirical work in order to study this problem in 2018 and 2019, with a total sample of 120 people, 17-24 years old. The studied sample consisted of 89 girls and 31 boys. They were students of Kyiv higher educational institutions; 3 methods for determining the presence and predisposition to suicidal behaviour were applied.
People who participated in the study were mentally healthy (during the study they were not registered by a psychiatrist), The first group formed people who scored from 0 to 9 points for this scale; the second group included young people who answered "yes" to questions # 10-18 (passive suicidal thoughts); the respondents creating the third group answered "yes" to questions #19-21 (suicidal intentions and ideas).
As a result, three groups were identified, which differ by their level of suicidality: 1. The first group included young people without manifestations of suicidal behaviour. 3. Suicidal ideas exist at 0% of boys (no boys) and 11.2% of girls (10 young ladies).
As it can be seen from the results, the distribution in the SI and SIG groups by gender is uneven. Therefore, a further study was conducted without gender division in order to evaluate the results objectively.
The average values for the 'Suicidal Behaviour Questionnaire' scales (SBQ) and Suicide Risk Test (SRT) for different groups are presented in Table 1 in order to determine the reliability of the respondents' division into groups.
In addition, the "Method determining propensity to suicidal behaviour" (DPSB) was also used. We analyzed the results obtained by internal methodology based on the above identified groups (Table 2).
We should start with the anxiety indicator; it has almost the same value in the N and SI groups and 3 points higher in the group of Suicidal intentions (SIG Таble 1.

Average values of groups by SBQ and SRT
Notes: * The lower the score, the higher the suicidal response rate.
to determine the dependent and independent variables.
The most significant coefficients for our study were: In addition we analyzed the statistical significance with F-Fisher criterion, which indicated a strong links of the dependent variable with all three independent variables as well as with each variable separately.
Our next step was to test data for multicollinearity or correlations between the independent variables (Table 3).
VIF was less than 5 and this was an evidence of absent multicollinearity. If we are talking about tolerance, the values are close to 1, which indicates that the analyzed predictors were independent of other predictors.  Aggression was almost the same for all three examined groups, thus this indicator showed rather increased psychological activity. The highest rigidity was observed at the respondents having suicidal intentions; such rigidity was associated with complications existing during implementation of significant activities.